Chapter 13 Review

In this chapter, it focuses on the different styles of writing that exist in the english language and essay's. Style has to do with how the statement is interpreted, and usually focuses on one type of audience. It also has to do with making an effective claim in an argument. The different types include: high, middle, and low talk. High talk is very formal or is not "lax" in any of the text. Middle is usually still accepted in many forms of writing but is somewhat understated. Lastly, low could be described as slang, or common talk when, for example, you are on the telephone with your friend and are chatting or gossiping about your day. This includes terms such as "That is lame," and "Oh my gosh," as well as other terms. The writer must carefully choose the style of writing he/she wants to use because one could make their writing a completely different way from the other. It determines the writer's audience, and how their writing is read. Metaphors, similes and other figures of speech are also used to help support an argument or concept. 
What comes to mind when thinking about low talk in writing are the Judy B. Jones children's books. The books are from the perspective of a very young little girl who goes on adventures and tells the stories to the readers. Things are misspelled on purpose and the grammar isn't formal. The author wanted to make the girl as real as possible, so she was low key when writing her books. She used a low style. The metaphors and similes are very popular with people because it makes things more interesting. They also make you think a lot about what point are claim is trying to be put across to the reader. These can also be used as a sense of style simply because it makes the writing  have more substance than it would before hand. Metaphors and similes are used a lot in poetry and poetry is known to be beautiful writing, the same goes with any other text using metaphors and similes, it makes the writing more fun to read or listen to.

Chapter 7 Reflection

This chapter was all about how to successfully persuade and win an argument using different techniques.  There are effective ways to state your claims and combine them using a warrant, this is used to persuade the audience a certain way. There are two different types of arguments discussed in the chapter, Rogerian and Orations. Rogerians are arguments that acknowledge other possible solutions to the problem they are discussing in the argument, understanding where they are coming from and not pointing fingers at the other claims. Orations on the other hand, did attack the opposing argument or topic. They were created with an introduction, background, lines of argument, alternative arguments and the conclusion. The whole point of this is to get the audience on their side instead of the opposing team. 
This chapter also reflects on how using evidence is very important to proving the claim. I particularly like the part about rebuttal because it was a different approach from all of the other things discussed. The rebuttal is relating to the reaction or after effect of what happens with the argument. The person must also be prepared with what to say if the opponent comes back with something. They must know what to say, even when not knowing what they people may ask them. Their research and understanding on the topic is very important in this case. 
If you look at any case trial, it is evident that these things exist. Lawyers are huge in using Rogerians and Orations. They use Rogerian when their client must negotiate with the judge or fellow lawyers in their sentence and try to make a simple, calm negotiation. Orations could possibly have something to do with the jury and attacking the opposing argument of the suspect being guilty. Also with the two lawyers they must battle back and forth and try to persuade the jury to take their side. 

Chapter 2 Reflection

Chapter 2 discusses Pathos in relation to visual arguments. Pathos deals with emotion and reaction that a person feels when being influenced by an image or topic. Often times, it can spark thought and have a greater impact on the person viewing it, rather than just hearing about something and having it go in one ear and out the other. Images tend to stick in our minds much longer than words. Companies use pathos in order to manipulate how we are feeling in relation to their advertisement or campaign, which is highly successful and why pathos is still used frequently. On the other hand, Chapter 2 discusses how pathos can be used in the wrong way. An advertiser must be careful when using pathos because it could turn people away from what they are trying to get across, simply because it makes the viewer uncomfortable. For example, the picture above is disturbing. Some viewers could see this and immediately want to turn in the other direction or flip the page, where others are drawn to it because it is so scandalous. Nonetheless, pathos is used in order to shock us.

Personally, I like the above photograph. The advertiser isn't trying to sugarcoat anything that has to do with bullying. It is true that kids have committed suicide because of fellow children's ridicule. They are trying to get people to realize how serious bullying is and that something needs to be done to change it.

I am a strong supporter of pathos because I'm a visual learner. I learn buy watching and seeing things because they stick in my mind. Chapter 2 teaches us that pathos is important and strong in order to make a good argument.

Chapter 14 Reflection

Visual arguments are everywhere we turn; but this is not new to our world. Visual arguments date as far back as the cavemen times when they painted on cave walls. The Romans and the Egyptians sculpted the rulers and the pharaohs to show a sign of authority to their people. The colors, depth and objects in a visual argument are all created to catch and appeal to our eyes in one way or another. They are created to provoke thought, ask questions and bring about emotions. For example, after 9/11 occurred, a stamp was published with the famous photo of the firefighters raising the flag in the rubble to raise money in support of the cleanup. A similar tactic was used during Iwo Jima, and the stamp also depicted soldiers raising the American flag during battle. The stamp created during Iwo Jima was one of the most profitable stamps in our history. Therefore, the same tactic was used in order to get the same response. It was so successful because it surfaced a lot of emotion people were feeling when all of that was going on. This same thing happened when Hurricane Katrina occurred, when photographs were sent to the public, people were more likely to donate money to the cause because they saw a photograph of real people or the devastation, rather than just hearing someone talk about it. Personally, I like the visual arguments that do not include many words, but instead have a symbolic photo to get the point across.  I believe it is more powerful and makes a person think deeply about what the argument is trying to say. I also think that an actual photograph rather than a drawing is more powerful because it is real rather than created or designed by someone. With a photograph you can better relate to it because you know that person or animal actually exists rather than an idea in someone's head. Visual arguments often times make more of a statement than many words on a billboard, and that is why it has remained a part of the world for so many years.

Introductory

I'm Ciera Davis, I was born and raised in Phoenix, Arizona and I love it here. My major is Psychology and I plan to be a clinical psychologist. I have a younger brother who is a freshman in high school. I also have 2 dogs, 2 cats and a lizard. I love all music but one of my favorite bands is The Beatles along with a million others. I'm a movie fanatic and I especially love Quentin Tarantino movies. I've played the guitar since the 5th grade and I love to travel. I plan on living all over the world when I'm older.